Wednesday, August 19, 2020

Us Essay Writers

Us Essay Writers Here you will find a helpful list of unique transition words and concluding phrases to get you through writer’s block while adding some variety to your essays. How to do research for an essay Are you writing an essay? This guide gives you a method to organize it.How to plan time for essay writing When writing an essay, finding the time can be tricky. This guide gives you a method to organize time to make sure you fit everything in.How To Understand An Essay Question For detailed essays, there are usually a number of ways to interpret the question. Scholars find writing essays a bit difficult than many other forms of writing. However, with the below tips, they just might find it easier. Here are the top 10 tips for students who want to write a perfect essay. Over time, these forms of writing have become a major part of the curricula of schools. It also includes the topic of the essay and makes clear what the author's position is in regard to the topic. Typically found at the beginning of a paper, the thesis statement is often placed in the introduction, toward the end of the first paragraph or so. Sometimes, writers can start their essay in the middle or at the end, rather than at the beginning, and work backward. This guide gives you a logical approach to fully understanding the question.Writing essay drafts Writing an essay? It’s often important to draft, redraft, and redraft again. Here are some tips on how to tackle a first draft and a final draft. A good thesis statement combines several ideas into just one or two sentences. However, students should continue writing essays so they can learn how to write. The process of writing an essay helps a student learn how to construct sentences and develop arguments. Knowledge of documents about different subjects such as history, language, or religion becomes palpable to students through essay writing. The process depends on each individual and takes practice to figure out what works best for them. Regardless of where students start, it is recommended that the introduction begins with an attention grabber or an example that hooks the reader in within the very first sentence. There are a great number of tips that can help you craft the best essay as a student. As a student, there are difficulties you might tend to run into while trying to craft a special form of writing, such as essays. Essay writing is a fairly simple form of writing for students, but only if they follow the special rules and techniques to make it look perfect. Writing of essays by students has always faced controversy. Some people believe that it is a practice that continues because it is the tradition of the system. By writing essays, students get to review different arguments and examples before concluding. Such knowledge passes to other subjects making learning effective and improves writing skills. Writing essays develops essential skills and functions in the education of a student, thereby making them helpful to them. With professional writing companies such as EssayMill.com readily available they can provide the assistance you need for any topic. Get specialized help for various topics including persuasive, cause and effect, comparative, and many more. Getting tired of writing the same transition words in every essay? Sometimes it can be tough to know which concluding phrases and transition words work in your writing, though! So, the next time you find yourself asking who can help me write my paper, consider the writing experts here at EssayMill.com. Do you find yourself wondering who can help you with your assignments? It is common for students to ask themselves who can help me write my essay? You have the option of choosing who you want to work with based on their experience and writing abilities. An online essay writer can make getting assignments easier since you can get in touch with one quite easily even with a deadline looming around the corner. When you are unable to get clarification from your instructor or a colleague, an expert can be the next best option. This means we will include information you want in order to create an authentic original essay paper.

Us Essay Writers

Us Essay Writers Here you will find a helpful list of unique transition words and concluding phrases to get you through writer’s block while adding some variety to your essays. How to do research for an essay Are you writing an essay? This guide gives you a method to organize it.How to plan time for essay writing When writing an essay, finding the time can be tricky. This guide gives you a method to organize time to make sure you fit everything in.How To Understand An Essay Question For detailed essays, there are usually a number of ways to interpret the question. Scholars find writing essays a bit difficult than many other forms of writing. However, with the below tips, they just might find it easier. Here are the top 10 tips for students who want to write a perfect essay. Over time, these forms of writing have become a major part of the curricula of schools. It also includes the topic of the essay and makes clear what the author's position is in regard to the topic. Typically found at the beginning of a paper, the thesis statement is often placed in the introduction, toward the end of the first paragraph or so. Sometimes, writers can start their essay in the middle or at the end, rather than at the beginning, and work backward. This guide gives you a logical approach to fully understanding the question.Writing essay drafts Writing an essay? It’s often important to draft, redraft, and redraft again. Here are some tips on how to tackle a first draft and a final draft. A good thesis statement combines several ideas into just one or two sentences. However, students should continue writing essays so they can learn how to write. The process of writing an essay helps a student learn how to construct sentences and develop arguments. Knowledge of documents about different subjects such as history, language, or religion becomes palpable to students through essay writing. The process depends on each individual and takes practice to figure out what works best for them. Regardless of where students start, it is recommended that the introduction begins with an attention grabber or an example that hooks the reader in within the very first sentence. There are a great number of tips that can help you craft the best essay as a student. As a student, there are difficulties you might tend to run into while trying to craft a special form of writing, such as essays. Essay writing is a fairly simple form of writing for students, but only if they follow the special rules and techniques to make it look perfect. Writing of essays by students has always faced controversy. Some people believe that it is a practice that continues because it is the tradition of the system. By writing essays, students get to review different arguments and examples before concluding. Such knowledge passes to other subjects making learning effective and improves writing skills. Writing essays develops essential skills and functions in the education of a student, thereby making them helpful to them. With professional writing companies such as EssayMill.com readily available they can provide the assistance you need for any topic. Get specialized help for various topics including persuasive, cause and effect, comparative, and many more. Getting tired of writing the same transition words in every essay? Sometimes it can be tough to know which concluding phrases and transition words work in your writing, though! So, the next time you find yourself asking who can help me write my paper, consider the writing experts here at EssayMill.com. Do you find yourself wondering who can help you with your assignments? It is common for students to ask themselves who can help me write my essay? You have the option of choosing who you want to work with based on their experience and writing abilities. An online essay writer can make getting assignments easier since you can get in touch with one quite easily even with a deadline looming around the corner. When you are unable to get clarification from your instructor or a colleague, an expert can be the next best option. This means we will include information you want in order to create an authentic original essay paper.

Monday, August 17, 2020

The Ultimate Music Essay Writing Guide

The Ultimate Music Essay Writing Guide Students wishing to improve their writing skills will definitely benefit from this course. Taking this course will improve your scores on the IELTS, TOEFL, and other English tests - particularly the writing sections. Evidence suggests psychoanalytic therapy works best if the client is motivated and has a positive attitude. It is very important to elaborate on your evaluation. Don't just write a shopping list of brief evaluation points. Instead make sure you expand on your points, remember, quality of evaluation is most important than quantity. Expand on each bullet point to build paragraphs based on evidence, which will also require with citations. It is important to begin writing as soon as soon as possible â€" think of writing as a process rather than a goal. Linking words clarify for the reader how one point relates to another. An essay flows cohesively when ideas and information relate to each other smoothly and logically. Furthermore, since we are study nerds, our site has a lot of great content that we are sure you will find interesting. I have presented video lessons for various organizations and groups and taught individual lessons to students from around the world - often setting up programs specific to their needs. Although this course is not directly related to specific tests or exams, it will prepare learners for any test that requires clear and concise writing. Ron takes a very relaxed approach, providing students with all the tools they need to excel. The assignments allow the students to take a proactive approach to applying the knowledge they have gained. After writing your plan conduct supplementary reading and refine your plan and make it more detailed. This plan could be in the form of a mind map, a summary table, or by writing a core statement . Point out those nuances and complexities that your thesis only hinted at, but that can now be fully understood. Provide observations that keep your conclusion fresh and interesting. The beginning and end of a paragraph are usually more general in scope. Proofread your essay and make sure it follows any formatting requirements required by the unit. Read the paper aloud to find errors in sentence structure and word choice and refine it so there is a more natural flow. As a general rule make sure there is at least one citation (i.e. name of psychologist and date of publication) in each paragraph. Critical Evaluation - arguments should be supported by appropriate evidence and/or theory from the literature. Evidence of independent thinking, insight and evaluation of the evidence. The opening sentence indicates what the paragraph is about. It also connects the paragraph to what came before. Focus your effort on explaining the research question or problem that drives your research. ” question, your reader will care enough to read on. Highlight the major issues which “lie behind” the question. Let the reader know how you will focus your essay by identifying the main themes to be discussed. Identify the subject of the essay and define the key terms. If there is a word count for your essay try to devote 10% of this to your introduction. We’ll get the nitty-gritty stuff out of the way first. If you search our website, you will find lots of content. There are pages with information about our services , lots of policy pages , and our order page. Each paragraph should comprise a main theme which are illustrated and developed through a number of points . Now let us look at what constitutes a good essay in psychology.

How To Write A 4

How To Write A 4 Blank sheet â€" Take a blank sheet of paper and write whatever occurs to you, anywhere on the sheet, as you think about the question. The key verbs here, need to be looked at carefully because they indicate the approach you are expected to take when you prepare and write the essay. Essays also sometimes begin with an issue, outline the scope and then move on to end the introduction with the thesis statement. Sometimes, particularly in very short essays, the essay will begin with an issue rather than a background statement. Being a good writer involves using other people’s ideas to support your work. However, you should never forget to say where these ideas come from, even if you don’t quote the person’s exact words. ‘Integrity’ relates to ‘honesty’, and academic integrity involves writing in an honest way, so that no one will think you are claiming that words or ideas from someone else are your own. This is very important in academic writing in western countries, and if you do not do this you might be accused of plagiarism, which is a serious offence at university. However, chocolate’s inherent popularity does not equate to it possessing healthy properties, as suggested by the title. The realities of chocolate are more down to earth; a number of these realities will be addressed in this essay. Chocolate has chemical properties that can influence mood and there is possible evidence for some positive impacts of chocolate on cardiovascular health. Yet, such positive attributes are counterbalanced somewhat by the argument that, in some instances, chocolate can be viewed as a drug rather than a food. Topic sentenceThe topic sentence can function as a sentence of transition from the previous paragraph. Once you have brainstormed your ideas and done some initial research, start putting them into a logical order as part of the essay planning process. Brainstorming helps you to see what you know about the topic. Brainstorming, researching and planning are cyclical, which means that each process helps the other processes and you might want to do each process more than once. The thesis and scope are sometimes combined to form one or more sentences known as a thesis statement. The thesis statement often comes at the end of the introduction, although it can be written earlier. Writing your introduction last means you are more likely to have a tighter fit between the introduction, main body and conclusion because you already know what your essay will be about. The first two articles have been cited 90 times and 103 times respectively, suggesting that they might be good sources for your essay. The links to the right indicate that you can access the articles through your university website. It can therefore be said that chocolate is not a healthy food, but can be enjoyed as part of a healthy and balanced diet and lifestyle. To write a 1000 word essay, ideally you should allow yourself about 3 weeks. You might wonder how you can include your own voice and still sound academic when you are writing about a subject area in which you have little knowledge. Including your voice does not mean that you should say ‘I think’ or ‘in my opinion’. Obesity and chocolate consumption seemingly have no proven correlations. Another possible positive dimension to chocolate is a correlation with cardiovascular health. Yet the potential benefits of flavanols in chocolate are currently offset by the high fat/carbohydrate content of most forms of chocolate. Whether chocolate is a food or a drug is also unclear. Since Spanish explorers brought back chocolate from the new world, chocolate consumption has become a worldwide phenomenon. At first, chocolate, a derivative of the cacao bean, was consumed as a drink, only later achieving mass popularity in tablet or bar form. Moreover, there is the possibility of some correlation between over-consumption of chocolate and obesity. Thus, it will be argued that despite chocolate’s positive effect in some cases on mood and the cardiovascular system it has also been linked to addiction and obesity. Leave yourself enough time to look at your essay more than once. For a 1000 word essay you need at least three days to redraft your essay.

Friday, August 14, 2020

Write My Essay

Write My Essay Include names and words you commonly confuse or misspell, along with grammar mistakes you frequently make. Reread your work several times paying special attention to the items on your list. If you cited other sources in your essay, you should include a bibliography or works cited list at the end of your essay. Like the citations, the style used to present the references in this list is determined by the style guide your instructor wants you to use. Reach out well in advance of any deadlines, and give them at least two weeks to provide feedback. Ask them in person if you can, but if you cannot, send them an email. If they agree to take a look, you can send them a message with your essay. What’s even more discouraging is that intelligence and achievement don’t seem to help. A poor student with high SAT scores is less likely to finish college than a student with lower scores who happens to be in a higher income bracket. Plans should have the flexibility to change as your work develops, but remember to ensure that any adjustments are consistent across the essay. Once you've done your research, create another mind map. Do not use one-sentence paragraphs, as a point can be written, debated, and settled in such a small portion. It can be challenging, but on the other side, it gives you a chance to pick a topic that’s interesting to you. When choosing a topic, come up with several listings, as this allows you to evaluate and select the most appropriate item. Squirrell advises reading the introduction and conclusion and a relevant chapter but no more. “Otherwise you won’t actually get anything out of it because you’re trying to plough your way through a 300-page monograph,” he says. Mechanics, structure, and content are vital parts of a successful essay. Our Detailed FAQs page covers each category in detail to give your essay a head start or strong finish. It may help to read your essay out loud to catch mistakes you might otherwise skim over. Edits and revisions should not remove your voice or completely alter your writing style. Ask teachers, mentors, family, or friends for feedback on your essay. If you search our website, you will find lots of content. There are pages with information about our services , lots of policy pages , and our order page. Furthermore, since we are study nerds, our site has a lot of great content that we are sure you will find interesting. Sadly, it is often the students who can benefit most from higher education who also struggle the most. The sad fact is that low-income students are significantly less likely to graduate from college than their wealthier counterparts. If you choose to write about challenges in your life, be careful to avoid using overly critical or negative language. This is a good opportunity to emphasize your emotional maturity and how challenges in your life have helped you grow as a person. You may compromise that impression if your tone is resentful or excessively dramatic. Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. We’ll get the nitty-gritty stuff out of the way first. We value the trust you instill in us and even though we provide last minute essay help, it’s never at the cost of quality. We take deadlines very seriously and are here to offer you 24-hours essay help. Select your turnaround time and upload your document. Our proofreaders will thoroughly review your document, track their changes, and email it to you. All orders are covered by our 100% satisfaction guarantee. The section must be arranged in paragraphs of about 5 sentences. Each paragraph should contain a different idea that’s well analyzed, argued, and concluded. Once you’ve gathered your information, take notes of important dates, numbers, names, etc. so you have all the information you need on hand when you begin writing. You can also print out articles and webpages and highlight the important information to find it easily when you start writing. Think about an important experience, such as your most memorable vacation, and write a story about what happened during that vacation. Besides that, you can hire professional editors to make the corrections for you. Also, make sure to run your paper through a plagiarism checker to ensure it is 100% original, as per the institution’s demands.

Thursday, August 13, 2020

Writing Your Assignment

Writing Your Assignment Feedback is a great way to get a second opinion on your work and argument. Now that we’ve looked at the basics of how to write an essay, we need to consider the exam essay. It’s one thing to take your time crafting an essay over a couple of hours or days, but an entirely different experience to write one in under 40 minutes. Explain why the example supports your argument â€" this links it back to your topic sentence and thesis(the L part of a T.E.E.L Structure). The topic sentence â€" You use this to introduce the subject matter of the essay and locate it in the logic of your argument. In the last part of our Guide, we looked at how essays work and discussed the structure and planning of an essay. The typical assignment I have in mind will be an argumentative essay, in which you argue for something, even if just an interpretation of someone an author’s work. If you buy essays online, it is really important to know if the work is still in process or has been finished. Moreover, we can assure you that most companies put extra charges on such services. Be sure that every “write my essay” order is treated with an individual approach by our professionals. The interface of the Essay writing service is user friendly and requires no extra PC skills so that it is really easy to buy research papers online. You do not have to fill numerous order forms, get lots of passwords at almost every step of order. Nowadays the Internet is drowning in websites of illicit content. Although writing an essay is daunting for many people, it can be pretty straight-forward. It should be an appropriate guide for writing at the middle school, high school, and lower college levels. It’s now time to see what that involves and how it differs from the process above. The thesis (1.) and thematic framework (2.) need only be reworded from the introduction, but your concluding statement (3.) needs to do something new. If you haven’t read it, you should go check that out first. In this part, we’ll get into the nitty-gritty of writing the essay and give you some tips for producing Band 6 responses in exam conditions. The Introduction sets the scene for the essay and gives the reader a clear idea of what they can expect. A good introduction briefly introduces the topic and gives signposts to the main points that the essay will address. Good essays are presented in a clear and logical format. Our team keeps the highest quality standards preparing any kind of order starting with the essay help and finishing with the dissertation help. You may be sure we provide all our customers with a 100% quality material. Ask your teacher, your parents, and those in your study group. With our team of professionals you may forget about those long sleepless nights spent in seek of an idea for an essay! Just think about it â€" how many great things you could do instead of boring writing. How much money you could earn while your paper work is being done by someone, who knows how to do it properly! With our essay help you may be sure nobody shall have a better mark for the work than you. We understand you have a wide range of websites to choose, but the next points are to assure you that there is no site better than ours. Usually such websites are infested with fraudulent writing services. In our turn, dealing with us means you get your dissertation writing services without a fear that you do something illegal. One should not underestimate the level of threat contagious sites bear. A single file downloaded along with your essay help may turn your hardware into a complete mess, and everyone knows how expensive the services of a programmer cost nowadays. We obtain a full pack of anti-virus, anti-spam and anti-spy programs for you not to be worried about the security of the device through which you receive our ready projects. The final statement needs to explain the connection of your argument to the module and what YOU have taken away from the study of the module. Remember, your conclusion needs to recap your ideas and thesis. You also need to leave a lasting impression on your reader. Conclusion are actually these easiest part of the essay to write.

Tuesday, August 11, 2020

Developing Your Essay Writing

Developing Your Essay Writing Sometimes you start with a promising question and get nowhere. Those are like experiments that get inconclusive results. An essay you publish ought to tell the reader something he didn't already know. Just as inviting people over forces you to clean up your apartment, writing something that other people will read forces you to think well. The things I've written just for myself are no good. When I run into difficulties, I find I conclude with a few vague questions and then drift off to get a cup of tea. At the very least I must have explained something badly. How was the place different from what they expected? You can ask it of the most unobservant people, and it will extract information they didn't even know they were recording. It's not something you read looking for a specific answer, and feel cheated if you don't find it. I'd much rather read an essay that went off in an unexpected but interesting direction than one that plodded dutifully along a prescribed course. Fundamentally an essay is a train of thought-- but a cleaned-up train of thought, as dialogue is cleaned-up conversation. But it took five hundred years before someone thought of casting hilt and blade as one piece. I find it especially useful to ask why about things that seem wrong. For example, why should there be a connection between humor and misfortune? Why do we find it funny when a character, even one we like, slips on a banana peel? There's a whole essay's worth of surprises there for sure. Do some online research on what other people say about your text (this can be helpful in solidifying the ideas that you’ve already brainstormed). The directions below are representative of what students will encounter on test day. The next step is to understand the English essay structure. For example, how an example highlights certain ideas that you can use to back up your point and answer the question. I didn't notice those things at the time, though. At sixteen I was about as observant as a lump of rock. I can see more now in the fragments of memory I preserve of that age than I could see at the time from having it all happening live, right in front of me. For example, in a recentessay I pointed out that because you can only judge computer programmers by working with them, no one knows who the best programmers are overall. I didn't realize this when I began that essay, and even now I find it kind of weird. I was afraid of flying for a long time and could only travel vicariously. When friends came back from faraway places, it wasn't just out of politeness that I asked what they saw. And I found the best way to get information out of them was to ask what surprised them. Real thought, like real conversation, is full of false starts. You need to cut and fill to emphasize the central thread, like an illustrator inking over a pencil drawing. But don't change so much that you lose the spontaneity of the original. In some cases the writing teachers were transformedin situ into English professors. Francis James Child, who had been Boylston Professor of Rhetoric at Harvard since 1851, became in 1876 the university's first professor of English. Among other things, studying history gives one confidence that there are good ideas waiting to be discovered right under our noses. Swords evolved during the Bronze Age out of daggers, which had a hilt separate from the blade. Because swords are longer the hilts kept breaking off. In that case, in the course of the conversation I'll be forced to come up a with a clearer explanation, which I can just incorporate in the essay. More often than not I have to change what I was saying as well.

Developing Your Essay Writing

Developing Your Essay Writing Sometimes you start with a promising question and get nowhere. Those are like experiments that get inconclusive results. An essay you publish ought to tell the reader something he didn't already know. Just as inviting people over forces you to clean up your apartment, writing something that other people will read forces you to think well. The things I've written just for myself are no good. When I run into difficulties, I find I conclude with a few vague questions and then drift off to get a cup of tea. At the very least I must have explained something badly. How was the place different from what they expected? You can ask it of the most unobservant people, and it will extract information they didn't even know they were recording. It's not something you read looking for a specific answer, and feel cheated if you don't find it. I'd much rather read an essay that went off in an unexpected but interesting direction than one that plodded dutifully along a prescribed course. Fundamentally an essay is a train of thought-- but a cleaned-up train of thought, as dialogue is cleaned-up conversation. But it took five hundred years before someone thought of casting hilt and blade as one piece. I find it especially useful to ask why about things that seem wrong. For example, why should there be a connection between humor and misfortune? Why do we find it funny when a character, even one we like, slips on a banana peel? There's a whole essay's worth of surprises there for sure. Do some online research on what other people say about your text (this can be helpful in solidifying the ideas that you’ve already brainstormed). The directions below are representative of what students will encounter on test day. The next step is to understand the English essay structure. For example, how an example highlights certain ideas that you can use to back up your point and answer the question. I didn't notice those things at the time, though. At sixteen I was about as observant as a lump of rock. I can see more now in the fragments of memory I preserve of that age than I could see at the time from having it all happening live, right in front of me. For example, in a recentessay I pointed out that because you can only judge computer programmers by working with them, no one knows who the best programmers are overall. I didn't realize this when I began that essay, and even now I find it kind of weird. I was afraid of flying for a long time and could only travel vicariously. When friends came back from faraway places, it wasn't just out of politeness that I asked what they saw. And I found the best way to get information out of them was to ask what surprised them. Real thought, like real conversation, is full of false starts. You need to cut and fill to emphasize the central thread, like an illustrator inking over a pencil drawing. But don't change so much that you lose the spontaneity of the original. In some cases the writing teachers were transformedin situ into English professors. Francis James Child, who had been Boylston Professor of Rhetoric at Harvard since 1851, became in 1876 the university's first professor of English. Among other things, studying history gives one confidence that there are good ideas waiting to be discovered right under our noses. Swords evolved during the Bronze Age out of daggers, which had a hilt separate from the blade. Because swords are longer the hilts kept breaking off. In that case, in the course of the conversation I'll be forced to come up a with a clearer explanation, which I can just incorporate in the essay. More often than not I have to change what I was saying as well.

Basics Of Writing An Effective Essay

Basics Of Writing An Effective Essay It serves both as an answer to the question and the focal point of your writing. This page contains some general advice on writing a successful history essay. An essay is a piece of sustained writing in response to a question, topic or issue. Having lots of mistakes suggests carelessness and diminishes the credibility of your arguments. If you make too many errors, your writing will be difficult to understand. Wouldn’t it be a shame for a teacher to miss the excellent points you made because of poor grammar? All good history essays have a clear and strong contention. A contention is the main idea or argument of your essay. So if you find yourself wanting to describe your points with the same handful of adjectives, go to your helpful resource for synonyms and save your essay from mediocrity. You always want to arrange essays in a way that clearly presents the main idea and provides vivid images. One option for adding imagery is through quotations from other literary works. It will give you a great idea of how the essay sounds off paper and in the mind of a person reading it. While you’re at it, do your best to put yourself in the shoes of the teacher or proctor who will be grading it so you can keep their mindset prominent as you digest these words. After all, what matters is that it sounds good to them since they’re the ones judging it. Another tip to successful writing â€" think about your audience. Especially when you’ve been writing for hours on end and are getting tired and bored, you’ll be more likely to repeat words too frequently. Epithets, metaphors, hyperboles are at your service! They will help you add interest to the essay, but, as mentioned above, you need to know when to stop. Not all essays will require you to wrap up the ending so nicely, some topics may allow for an uncertain ending. This method can be an effective way to finish an essay on the abstract theme â€" leaving the reader the ability to make their own interpretation. On average, an essay takes about 40 working hours â€" that includes the time you need to write rough drafts, edit and proofread. Over time, it has been emphasised at several points . Human behaviour can do this for citations about a person smokes, the higher the percentage as a bystander obliged to spell those words out. Board members for their opinions on the neutral grounds of bias that respondents not listening to earphones. The thesis sets up what the reader can expect to learn from your essay. In just one sentence, it explains how you plan to answer the prompt. Conventions include spelling, punctuation, sentence structure, and grammar. In summary, although it may be used as one which exemplified this most markedly . Scott suggests that you are dealing with job satisfaction. Make sure you have allocated enough time to do your best work. It takes time to develop the perfect essay from a couple of interesting ideas. If your essay is too long, you may run the risk of losing track of the question that you should be answering. A few well-written and organized paragraphs that answer the question and showcase your command of language may score better than pages and pages of writing. A thesis is the main idea or argument that guides an essay. Engaging in regular physical activity behaviors and organizational structure of the italian translation. You will get such a better grasp of how your essay sounds and comes across if you speak your words out loud.

Monday, August 10, 2020

True Essay Typer At Essay Writing Service Uk

True Essay Typer At Essay Writing Service Uk Don’t go into too much detail in the introduction. For further details and examples, download the Guide to essay paragraph structure from this page. This kind of introduction will grip readers, impress them and make them want to know more. Not everyone can do this but, as long as you follow some of the guidelines above, you will avoid shooting yourself in the foot before you have even begun. Another approach is actually to state your answer in the introduction and then go on to prove your case in the essay. This approach is far mare exciting because it shows that you have a definite point of view, and are prepared to argue it. It shows an examiner that you have planned your essay, know what you are going to say and in all probability will support it with good evidence. Read the paper aloud to find errors in sentence structure and word choice and refine it so there is a more natural flow. Use the Deakin Assignment Planner to get a better idea of the time required to complete your essay. Summarise your argument and draw on some of the main points discussed in the body of the essay, but not in too much detail. Use the Guide to essay paragraph structure and the Essay paragraph planner on this page to plan your next essay. I have owned and operated L.T.L. Tutoring Central since 1996, providing private tutoring services to students of all ages and skill levels. However, despite relative freedom to write in this genre, an essay is not easy work, because it requires original ideas and a non-standard view on the issue. An essay does not claim to be a definitive or exhaustive interpretation of the topic. Moreover, this type of copy is not similar to a report. It can take from a few minutes to several days. Use your life experience and try to bring your vision of the issue. The Reach Cambridge Biotechnology Course introduces students to both the academic study of biotechnology and its exciting practical applications in the real world. This fast-growing area of modern science has the potential to fundamentally alter how we produce food, treat disease and create medicines. Topics covered include genetics, drug resistance, pharmaceutical science, biotechnological devices and drug design. Write down the best ideas and some statements on that point. essay writing service can claim that the copy achieves its goal if its author has managed to express a personal opinion. It is a kind of information flow, which combines philosophical thoughts and personal feelings of the author. Each main point should be relevant to your essay question or thesis statement. Provide background information about the topic. Introduce and define some of the key concepts discussed in the essay. By producing a paper that will sustain the attention of the readers, the experts at Essaywriting.org are ensuring your success. Writing is our vocation, so don’t be afraid to resort to the service that knows everything about college stress. This exciting and dynamic course will be a challenging but rewarding program for all those who have a passionate interest in biotechnology and biological sciences. Even if you are stuck in a creative rut, we are here to help.

Writing An Essay Introduction

Writing An Essay Introduction An essay writer will take care of your composition today. In 6 hours or less, a new document will be available to download from your inbox. Quick and easy, any homework you’re reluctant to do could be finalized without a hitch. Academic essays explore complex ideas and information, but this doesn’t mean your writing has to be complex, too. And this is pretty much what we deliver â€" a classy paper from scratch that brings you a positive grade. Essay help is the answer to all your college troubles. We made it easy to connect you with the best academic writer. Make an order, and a writer will meet all the provided instructions. Topic, length, number of references, spacing, formatting, and academic level. All these aspects let us fully customize the document making it one-of-a-kind and truly authentic. A writer will work to meet all the specifications A to Z. From the description and the structure of a discursive essay, it may seem like it’s exactly the same as an argumentative essay. However, while those two types of essays to share a lot of features, they are also very different in nature. Discursive writing is the process of describing different sides of an argument in an attempt to find the correct one. The writer absolutely nailed my research paper. Thank you so much for taking the headache out of the process. Your paper will be done by an expert with years of experience under the belt. We welcome trained, seasoned authors to ensure your composition is top-class. Why write a mediocre paper when you can do the superior one? You pay for a quality fulfillment of your order. Opt for simple, straightforward language whenever possible. There are instances where an essay topic is provided, and all you need is to research and write within the given area. However, there are scenarios where you will be required to pick a topic that’s relevant to your field of study. buy essays online to improve their chances of submitting a premium quality paper. After you gather your research, think about how you want to organize it. Look over the writers’ ratings, success rating, and the feedback left by other students. Each paragraph of the body of your discursive essay must be dedicated to a separate idea. Place the main idea at the beginning of the paragraph, add a summary of the argument, and attach the supporting evidence from credible sources. A simple five-paragraph essay should begin with an introductory paragraph, include three paragraphs presenting information or arguments, and end with a concluding paragraph. If your essay is longer than five paragraphs, it should still begin with an introductory paragraph and end with a concluding paragraph. It’s vital to write down or save the bibliographic information for all your sources, including websites. This information includes the author’s name, the title of the article or webpage, the page numbers , the date on which the source was published, and the URL . When you write your essay, you will likely need to refer back to this information and include it at the end of your paper. All papers are unique because our writers are required to follow our strict quality assurance protocol, which includes anti-plagiarism. Here at EssayPro, we offer a service guarantee when you buy an essay. This means that our clients can have college papers done in moments or 2 weeks, regardless of the number of pages. We are a freelance platform, which connects talented writers with students who need extra help on their assignments. We are all about assisting college students and helping them make the best of these years. In general, the information on wiki sites isn’t trustworthy because anyone can change that information at any time. However, visiting the sources linked at the bottom of a wiki page is a great way to find reputable sources.

Wednesday, August 5, 2020

Best Essay Writing

Best Essay Writing Note the findings show that there is no clear relationship between chocolate and obesity â€" an issue flagged in the introduction. Typified by Mellor’s findings â€" adults showed no weight increase after chocolate controlled diet. Lambert exemplified that chocolate consumption alone unlikely to precipitate obesity. Note the narrow focus of medical benefits (i.e. only considering magnesium) due to the short length of the essay. This partnership is part of the English Education Alliance , a global effort of the U.S. Department of State to address the global demand for 21st century English language skills. Train your employees in the most in-demand topics, with edX for Business. Wonder which weak words can harm your writing and with what to replace them best? View a text version of the redrafting your essay diagram above. Always save each draft as a separate file; then you can see how your essay develops and improves. Sometimes an essay will begin with a direct quote to draw readers into the essay. Here is the final version of the chocolate essay. You can also download a PDF version of the chocolate essay. As you can see from the assignment planning calculator, if you only start your essay a few days before the due date, you will have to do things too quickly. Before you begin your essay, have a look at the Massey University assignment planning calculator. Paragraphs should be balanced â€" keep to the ‘no less than 3 sentences per paragraph’ rule. Elaboration and examplesElaboration of the main point should add more detailed information in relation to the topic sentence. The last sentence is a broad statement relating to the significance of the argument. Plans can be structured/restructured at any time during the planning process. Planning is an ongoing process, from when you receive the essay title to when you submit your final draft. Scope â€" where you outline what exactly is going to be covered in relation to your argument. View the text description of the above body paragraph example. You can then add examples and references to make your paragraph stronger. Concluding sentenceThe Concluding Sentence should echo the main point of the paragraph and function as a bridge to the next paragraph.N.B. View a text version of the above proofreading and editing your essay considerations. Proofreading has a micro-focus on the details of your essay, such as formatting, grammar and punctuation. Editing focuses on the big picture elements such as overall structure, appropriate paragraphing and whether the question has been answered. Your lecturers will want to hear your ‘voice’ as they read your essay. Some words can weaken your writing, some strengthen it. This infographics covers you on the top 5 of commonly used weak words, explains how to avoid them, and illustrates how to improve your word choice to the better. However, if you are doing a group work assignment and your lecturer has asked you to work together and submit the assignment jointly, that is not collusion. Collusion, like plagiarism, has an element of dishonesty in it. People who collude do so secretly, as they know that the lecturer would not be happy. Include a reference in the text, where the words or ideas appear, and in a reference list at the end of the essay. The first sentence links the conclusion to the discussion in the previous paragraph. No specific correlation found in literature (Beckett, 2008; Lambert, 2009).

Best Essay Writing

Best Essay Writing Note the findings show that there is no clear relationship between chocolate and obesity â€" an issue flagged in the introduction. Typified by Mellor’s findings â€" adults showed no weight increase after chocolate controlled diet. Lambert exemplified that chocolate consumption alone unlikely to precipitate obesity. Note the narrow focus of medical benefits (i.e. only considering magnesium) due to the short length of the essay. This partnership is part of the English Education Alliance , a global effort of the U.S. Department of State to address the global demand for 21st century English language skills. Train your employees in the most in-demand topics, with edX for Business. Wonder which weak words can harm your writing and with what to replace them best? View a text version of the redrafting your essay diagram above. Always save each draft as a separate file; then you can see how your essay develops and improves. Sometimes an essay will begin with a direct quote to draw readers into the essay. Here is the final version of the chocolate essay. You can also download a PDF version of the chocolate essay. As you can see from the assignment planning calculator, if you only start your essay a few days before the due date, you will have to do things too quickly. Before you begin your essay, have a look at the Massey University assignment planning calculator. Paragraphs should be balanced â€" keep to the ‘no less than 3 sentences per paragraph’ rule. Elaboration and examplesElaboration of the main point should add more detailed information in relation to the topic sentence. The last sentence is a broad statement relating to the significance of the argument. Plans can be structured/restructured at any time during the planning process. Planning is an ongoing process, from when you receive the essay title to when you submit your final draft. Scope â€" where you outline what exactly is going to be covered in relation to your argument. View the text description of the above body paragraph example. You can then add examples and references to make your paragraph stronger. Concluding sentenceThe Concluding Sentence should echo the main point of the paragraph and function as a bridge to the next paragraph.N.B. View a text version of the above proofreading and editing your essay considerations. Proofreading has a micro-focus on the details of your essay, such as formatting, grammar and punctuation. Editing focuses on the big picture elements such as overall structure, appropriate paragraphing and whether the question has been answered. Your lecturers will want to hear your ‘voice’ as they read your essay. Some words can weaken your writing, some strengthen it. This infographics covers you on the top 5 of commonly used weak words, explains how to avoid them, and illustrates how to improve your word choice to the better. However, if you are doing a group work assignment and your lecturer has asked you to work together and submit the assignment jointly, that is not collusion. Collusion, like plagiarism, has an element of dishonesty in it. People who collude do so secretly, as they know that the lecturer would not be happy. Include a reference in the text, where the words or ideas appear, and in a reference list at the end of the essay. The first sentence links the conclusion to the discussion in the previous paragraph. No specific correlation found in literature (Beckett, 2008; Lambert, 2009).

Best Essay Writing

Best Essay Writing Note the findings show that there is no clear relationship between chocolate and obesity â€" an issue flagged in the introduction. Typified by Mellor’s findings â€" adults showed no weight increase after chocolate controlled diet. Lambert exemplified that chocolate consumption alone unlikely to precipitate obesity. Note the narrow focus of medical benefits (i.e. only considering magnesium) due to the short length of the essay. This partnership is part of the English Education Alliance , a global effort of the U.S. Department of State to address the global demand for 21st century English language skills. Train your employees in the most in-demand topics, with edX for Business. Wonder which weak words can harm your writing and with what to replace them best? View a text version of the redrafting your essay diagram above. Always save each draft as a separate file; then you can see how your essay develops and improves. Sometimes an essay will begin with a direct quote to draw readers into the essay. Here is the final version of the chocolate essay. You can also download a PDF version of the chocolate essay. As you can see from the assignment planning calculator, if you only start your essay a few days before the due date, you will have to do things too quickly. Before you begin your essay, have a look at the Massey University assignment planning calculator. Paragraphs should be balanced â€" keep to the ‘no less than 3 sentences per paragraph’ rule. Elaboration and examplesElaboration of the main point should add more detailed information in relation to the topic sentence. The last sentence is a broad statement relating to the significance of the argument. Plans can be structured/restructured at any time during the planning process. Planning is an ongoing process, from when you receive the essay title to when you submit your final draft. Scope â€" where you outline what exactly is going to be covered in relation to your argument. View the text description of the above body paragraph example. You can then add examples and references to make your paragraph stronger. Concluding sentenceThe Concluding Sentence should echo the main point of the paragraph and function as a bridge to the next paragraph.N.B. View a text version of the above proofreading and editing your essay considerations. Proofreading has a micro-focus on the details of your essay, such as formatting, grammar and punctuation. Editing focuses on the big picture elements such as overall structure, appropriate paragraphing and whether the question has been answered. Your lecturers will want to hear your ‘voice’ as they read your essay. Some words can weaken your writing, some strengthen it. This infographics covers you on the top 5 of commonly used weak words, explains how to avoid them, and illustrates how to improve your word choice to the better. However, if you are doing a group work assignment and your lecturer has asked you to work together and submit the assignment jointly, that is not collusion. Collusion, like plagiarism, has an element of dishonesty in it. People who collude do so secretly, as they know that the lecturer would not be happy. Include a reference in the text, where the words or ideas appear, and in a reference list at the end of the essay. The first sentence links the conclusion to the discussion in the previous paragraph. No specific correlation found in literature (Beckett, 2008; Lambert, 2009).

Best Essay Writing

Best Essay Writing Note the findings show that there is no clear relationship between chocolate and obesity â€" an issue flagged in the introduction. Typified by Mellor’s findings â€" adults showed no weight increase after chocolate controlled diet. Lambert exemplified that chocolate consumption alone unlikely to precipitate obesity. Note the narrow focus of medical benefits (i.e. only considering magnesium) due to the short length of the essay. This partnership is part of the English Education Alliance , a global effort of the U.S. Department of State to address the global demand for 21st century English language skills. Train your employees in the most in-demand topics, with edX for Business. Wonder which weak words can harm your writing and with what to replace them best? View a text version of the redrafting your essay diagram above. Always save each draft as a separate file; then you can see how your essay develops and improves. Sometimes an essay will begin with a direct quote to draw readers into the essay. Here is the final version of the chocolate essay. You can also download a PDF version of the chocolate essay. As you can see from the assignment planning calculator, if you only start your essay a few days before the due date, you will have to do things too quickly. Before you begin your essay, have a look at the Massey University assignment planning calculator. Paragraphs should be balanced â€" keep to the ‘no less than 3 sentences per paragraph’ rule. Elaboration and examplesElaboration of the main point should add more detailed information in relation to the topic sentence. The last sentence is a broad statement relating to the significance of the argument. Plans can be structured/restructured at any time during the planning process. Planning is an ongoing process, from when you receive the essay title to when you submit your final draft. Scope â€" where you outline what exactly is going to be covered in relation to your argument. View the text description of the above body paragraph example. You can then add examples and references to make your paragraph stronger. Concluding sentenceThe Concluding Sentence should echo the main point of the paragraph and function as a bridge to the next paragraph.N.B. View a text version of the above proofreading and editing your essay considerations. Proofreading has a micro-focus on the details of your essay, such as formatting, grammar and punctuation. Editing focuses on the big picture elements such as overall structure, appropriate paragraphing and whether the question has been answered. Your lecturers will want to hear your ‘voice’ as they read your essay. Some words can weaken your writing, some strengthen it. This infographics covers you on the top 5 of commonly used weak words, explains how to avoid them, and illustrates how to improve your word choice to the better. However, if you are doing a group work assignment and your lecturer has asked you to work together and submit the assignment jointly, that is not collusion. Collusion, like plagiarism, has an element of dishonesty in it. People who collude do so secretly, as they know that the lecturer would not be happy. Include a reference in the text, where the words or ideas appear, and in a reference list at the end of the essay. The first sentence links the conclusion to the discussion in the previous paragraph. No specific correlation found in literature (Beckett, 2008; Lambert, 2009).

Best Essay Writing

Best Essay Writing Note the findings show that there is no clear relationship between chocolate and obesity â€" an issue flagged in the introduction. Typified by Mellor’s findings â€" adults showed no weight increase after chocolate controlled diet. Lambert exemplified that chocolate consumption alone unlikely to precipitate obesity. Note the narrow focus of medical benefits (i.e. only considering magnesium) due to the short length of the essay. This partnership is part of the English Education Alliance , a global effort of the U.S. Department of State to address the global demand for 21st century English language skills. Train your employees in the most in-demand topics, with edX for Business. Wonder which weak words can harm your writing and with what to replace them best? View a text version of the redrafting your essay diagram above. Always save each draft as a separate file; then you can see how your essay develops and improves. Sometimes an essay will begin with a direct quote to draw readers into the essay. Here is the final version of the chocolate essay. You can also download a PDF version of the chocolate essay. As you can see from the assignment planning calculator, if you only start your essay a few days before the due date, you will have to do things too quickly. Before you begin your essay, have a look at the Massey University assignment planning calculator. Paragraphs should be balanced â€" keep to the ‘no less than 3 sentences per paragraph’ rule. Elaboration and examplesElaboration of the main point should add more detailed information in relation to the topic sentence. The last sentence is a broad statement relating to the significance of the argument. Plans can be structured/restructured at any time during the planning process. Planning is an ongoing process, from when you receive the essay title to when you submit your final draft. Scope â€" where you outline what exactly is going to be covered in relation to your argument. View the text description of the above body paragraph example. You can then add examples and references to make your paragraph stronger. Concluding sentenceThe Concluding Sentence should echo the main point of the paragraph and function as a bridge to the next paragraph.N.B. View a text version of the above proofreading and editing your essay considerations. Proofreading has a micro-focus on the details of your essay, such as formatting, grammar and punctuation. Editing focuses on the big picture elements such as overall structure, appropriate paragraphing and whether the question has been answered. Your lecturers will want to hear your ‘voice’ as they read your essay. Some words can weaken your writing, some strengthen it. This infographics covers you on the top 5 of commonly used weak words, explains how to avoid them, and illustrates how to improve your word choice to the better. However, if you are doing a group work assignment and your lecturer has asked you to work together and submit the assignment jointly, that is not collusion. Collusion, like plagiarism, has an element of dishonesty in it. People who collude do so secretly, as they know that the lecturer would not be happy. Include a reference in the text, where the words or ideas appear, and in a reference list at the end of the essay. The first sentence links the conclusion to the discussion in the previous paragraph. No specific correlation found in literature (Beckett, 2008; Lambert, 2009).

Saturday, August 1, 2020

Writing Your Essay

Writing Your Essay But don’t worry â€" a relevant writer with expertise in your subject will deliver the texts on time. A professional writer service will help you fit in the tightest schedule hassle-free. The service would be especially useful for international students. Coming to the US to study from abroad, the workload might come as a bit of a shock. Delegate every unwelcomed assignment to a degree-holding academic author. When the deadline comes, submit your article and call it a day. We guarantee zero plagiarism and individual approach to your task. What you instruct in order specifications will be fulfilled in your texts hands down. Top grades and more free time in the evening are what you receive. Any online essay writing service is only as good as the people behind it, and their passion for what they do. We are the kids who asked for extra homework when we were in school. You know all of those books you were forced to read in high school? The thesis is a succinct statement of your overall argument. If you introduction is multiple paragraphs long you have more flexibility where you place the thesis. Now that you know what a narrative essay is, you probably feel ready to move on to the writing process. But before you find out how to write narrative essay, you need to decide what to write about. In other words, you need to pick your narrative essay topic. For many students, a narrative essay is one of the easiest things they ever have to deal with. Even PhD dissertations are not a problem for the skilled team of the professional writing services. You have to look at several online guides that give you some hints. But these are general instructions that don’t help you complete a specific paper. So let them receive the exact type of essay your professor wants. We’ll help you brainstorm a topic for free and develop the subject matter in a written form. Essays are written in 6 hours or less if you’re in a hurry. We never turn down students because they have burning deadlines. Nothing is impossible when a Master’s degree holder rolls up the sleeves and gets down to work. Just sign in to your customer account, then send and receive messages with your writer. In this way, you know the precise status of your assignment from the time you place your order until the final project is finished. There are two main characteristics of a successful academic writer. First, you have to have education and experience in your field. We insist upon both of these when we hire writers. Your thesis or dissertation represents some of the most important work you will do in your academic career. It will also be a determining factor in the trajectory of your career and your academic path. Our PhD-level writers provide you with assistance for each and every step you take labor completing this life-changing work. Better focus on the most enjoyable things a college has to offer. For all the chores and routine out there, professional college ghostwriters offer help. Academic essays explore complex ideas and information, but this doesn’t mean your writing has to be complex, too. Opt for simple, straightforward language whenever possible. You’ll notice that our list of services is truly versatile. You can order a simple essay, but we don’t limit our offer to that commonly requested paper. We also offer case studies, term papers, research papers, book reports, lab reports, PowerPoint presentations, and many other types of projects. When you realize that you also have to stick to the formatting standards of a particular style guide, a simple essay turns into an overwhelming mission. Things get worse when different professors ask for different citation styles, so you have to learn Turabian, APA, MLA, Harvard, and several others. When you put it like that, professional writing services help you deal with serious stress. This writing service provides professional writers with PhD and MA, who are willing to answer all your proofreading or editing questions. Anytime you have an active project with us, you can interact with your writer directly throughout this process.

Writing Your Essay

Writing Your Essay But don’t worry â€" a relevant writer with expertise in your subject will deliver the texts on time. A professional writer service will help you fit in the tightest schedule hassle-free. The service would be especially useful for international students. Coming to the US to study from abroad, the workload might come as a bit of a shock. Delegate every unwelcomed assignment to a degree-holding academic author. When the deadline comes, submit your article and call it a day. We guarantee zero plagiarism and individual approach to your task. What you instruct in order specifications will be fulfilled in your texts hands down. Top grades and more free time in the evening are what you receive. Any online essay writing service is only as good as the people behind it, and their passion for what they do. We are the kids who asked for extra homework when we were in school. You know all of those books you were forced to read in high school? The thesis is a succinct statement of your overall argument. If you introduction is multiple paragraphs long you have more flexibility where you place the thesis. Now that you know what a narrative essay is, you probably feel ready to move on to the writing process. But before you find out how to write narrative essay, you need to decide what to write about. In other words, you need to pick your narrative essay topic. For many students, a narrative essay is one of the easiest things they ever have to deal with. Even PhD dissertations are not a problem for the skilled team of the professional writing services. You have to look at several online guides that give you some hints. But these are general instructions that don’t help you complete a specific paper. So let them receive the exact type of essay your professor wants. We’ll help you brainstorm a topic for free and develop the subject matter in a written form. Essays are written in 6 hours or less if you’re in a hurry. We never turn down students because they have burning deadlines. Nothing is impossible when a Master’s degree holder rolls up the sleeves and gets down to work. Just sign in to your customer account, then send and receive messages with your writer. In this way, you know the precise status of your assignment from the time you place your order until the final project is finished. There are two main characteristics of a successful academic writer. First, you have to have education and experience in your field. We insist upon both of these when we hire writers. Your thesis or dissertation represents some of the most important work you will do in your academic career. It will also be a determining factor in the trajectory of your career and your academic path. Our PhD-level writers provide you with assistance for each and every step you take labor completing this life-changing work. Better focus on the most enjoyable things a college has to offer. For all the chores and routine out there, professional college ghostwriters offer help. Academic essays explore complex ideas and information, but this doesn’t mean your writing has to be complex, too. Opt for simple, straightforward language whenever possible. You’ll notice that our list of services is truly versatile. You can order a simple essay, but we don’t limit our offer to that commonly requested paper. We also offer case studies, term papers, research papers, book reports, lab reports, PowerPoint presentations, and many other types of projects. When you realize that you also have to stick to the formatting standards of a particular style guide, a simple essay turns into an overwhelming mission. Things get worse when different professors ask for different citation styles, so you have to learn Turabian, APA, MLA, Harvard, and several others. When you put it like that, professional writing services help you deal with serious stress. This writing service provides professional writers with PhD and MA, who are willing to answer all your proofreading or editing questions. Anytime you have an active project with us, you can interact with your writer directly throughout this process.

Writing Your Essay

Writing Your Essay But don’t worry â€" a relevant writer with expertise in your subject will deliver the texts on time. A professional writer service will help you fit in the tightest schedule hassle-free. The service would be especially useful for international students. Coming to the US to study from abroad, the workload might come as a bit of a shock. Delegate every unwelcomed assignment to a degree-holding academic author. When the deadline comes, submit your article and call it a day. We guarantee zero plagiarism and individual approach to your task. What you instruct in order specifications will be fulfilled in your texts hands down. Top grades and more free time in the evening are what you receive. Any online essay writing service is only as good as the people behind it, and their passion for what they do. We are the kids who asked for extra homework when we were in school. You know all of those books you were forced to read in high school? The thesis is a succinct statement of your overall argument. If you introduction is multiple paragraphs long you have more flexibility where you place the thesis. Now that you know what a narrative essay is, you probably feel ready to move on to the writing process. But before you find out how to write narrative essay, you need to decide what to write about. In other words, you need to pick your narrative essay topic. For many students, a narrative essay is one of the easiest things they ever have to deal with. Even PhD dissertations are not a problem for the skilled team of the professional writing services. You have to look at several online guides that give you some hints. But these are general instructions that don’t help you complete a specific paper. So let them receive the exact type of essay your professor wants. We’ll help you brainstorm a topic for free and develop the subject matter in a written form. Essays are written in 6 hours or less if you’re in a hurry. We never turn down students because they have burning deadlines. Nothing is impossible when a Master’s degree holder rolls up the sleeves and gets down to work. Just sign in to your customer account, then send and receive messages with your writer. In this way, you know the precise status of your assignment from the time you place your order until the final project is finished. There are two main characteristics of a successful academic writer. First, you have to have education and experience in your field. We insist upon both of these when we hire writers. Your thesis or dissertation represents some of the most important work you will do in your academic career. It will also be a determining factor in the trajectory of your career and your academic path. Our PhD-level writers provide you with assistance for each and every step you take labor completing this life-changing work. Better focus on the most enjoyable things a college has to offer. For all the chores and routine out there, professional college ghostwriters offer help. Academic essays explore complex ideas and information, but this doesn’t mean your writing has to be complex, too. Opt for simple, straightforward language whenever possible. You’ll notice that our list of services is truly versatile. You can order a simple essay, but we don’t limit our offer to that commonly requested paper. We also offer case studies, term papers, research papers, book reports, lab reports, PowerPoint presentations, and many other types of projects. When you realize that you also have to stick to the formatting standards of a particular style guide, a simple essay turns into an overwhelming mission. Things get worse when different professors ask for different citation styles, so you have to learn Turabian, APA, MLA, Harvard, and several others. When you put it like that, professional writing services help you deal with serious stress. This writing service provides professional writers with PhD and MA, who are willing to answer all your proofreading or editing questions. Anytime you have an active project with us, you can interact with your writer directly throughout this process.

Writing A Descriptive Essay

Writing A Descriptive Essay How you dress helps others understand who you are, describes a particular sentiment to those who see you, and signals a subconscious message to be interpreted by others. How you write will give similar signals to others that help them understand what you’re trying to communicate. So even though narrative writing is a more creative type of writing, it is still an argument and should be treated as such. The main purpose of descriptive writing is to describe a subject to form a clear idea in the reader’s mind. This writing style draws attention to details to outline the topic. Although all of those arguments have merit, our own thinking on the subject is both more old-fashioned and more radical. We think the essay form is still the best way for students to think hard on the page -- but we are not fans of formulae. Instead, we’re in favor of inquiry-based learning, evidence-rich analysis and process work. Some writers argued for the five-paragraph essay or other formulaic models, on the grounds that clear expectations at least give underprepared students something to work with. Others advocated replacing the essay with more “real-world” forms that would force students to think in fresh ways. Also, like fashion styles, writing styles have particular times and places in which they should be employed or restrained. It’s inappropriate to wear white to a wedding if you’re not the bride; similarly, it’s inappropriate to use certain writing styles for specific types of writing. Summary â€" Offer a few sentences to introduce your topic. Start with the general ideas and gently lead to a more specific point. Generally, narrative writing is less common in the academic world because the narrative style exists to tell stories. Whether it’s a true story or not is irrelevant; fiction, creative nonfiction, and poetry are all types of narrative writing. In reality, all types of writing exist to argue a specific point. Here are the seven steps in the essay writing process and ample tools to help you succeed. Plus, in this day and age, there are technological tools to help you with just about anything â€" essay writing is no exception. Point â€" Present the main point of your paragraph. This will obviously vary in length, depending on the allocated word count of your essay, but should take between one and four sentences to introduce. Organizing your essay means identifying the separate functions of each paragraph and understanding how each function fits into the essay overall. This is where your topic is explained, described and argued. Often times, the topic of the essay will be assigned. If this is the case for you, don’t rush off to step number two. A transition sentence can conclude a paragraph in a number of ways. It can summarize the paragraph, connect the paragraph back to the thesis, or indicate how the next paragraph will follow. Once you provide your evidence, you need to discuss it. You must show how your evidence proves your argument. Writing a descriptive essay requires clear and vivid language to accurately describe the subject. The senses become very important in descriptive writing because they help to bring ordinary moments to life. The reader should be left with a vibrant understanding of the topic at hand. Each paragraph should have a separate purpose, just as each sentence has a separate function. The importance of this is already implied by the transition sentenceâ€"an essay with a logical progression will make transitioning between ideas relatively simple. As a writer, you also need to organize your paragraphs overall. An essay should be organized according to an internal logic wherein one idea leads logically to the next.

Friday, July 31, 2020

Five Qualities Of Good Writing

Five Qualities Of Good Writing For any formal writing things, you should keep in mind is Introduction, Body, and Conclusion. Your Intro should be short and precise and convey what the subject is. You may, however, give supported judgements which use references, including examples of data to offer perceptive comment. Henry Ford did not, which is why he is given credibility as an expert on cars, not history. For a 1,000-word essay an introduction of approximately words would be appropriate. If you want to increase or decrease it then you should take a creative license. Students, here is the list of a massive collection of various kinds of essays in English. Expository - Also known as explanatory essays, expositories provide explanations of something. Analytical - An analytical essay paper breaks down an idea or issue into its its key components. It evaluates the issue or idea by presenting analysis of the breakdown and/or components to the the reader. If you're expected to choose your own topic, then the first step is to define the purpose of your essay. We guarantee to fix it for free if this is our writers’ fault. Know what you are going to write about before you start writing. Whatever the situation, try to think ahead and plan your strategy, bearing in mind the time limit that you have to work within. If you summarise another writer’s views, you must cite the source correctly. Academic writing must be objective in its approach; that is, students are not simply asked for opinions , but to analyse, judge and propose, using evidence. For this reason, the use of the personal pronouns (I, we, you…) should be avoided. If necessary, the term ‘the author’ may also be used. Some topics require you to research more, some to think and analyse more. Only collect information that will be useful â€" don’t waste time compiling masses of information that will not be used. Or to education about a person, place, thing or idea? The topic you choose needs to support the purpose of your essay. Often with report writing there are many tasks to be done. In group work it may be appropriate to allocate tasks between group members. The body should cover all the points regarding the topic and the conclusion should connect all the dots. Use simple and crisp language while writing an essay in English. Don’t go deep and stop complicating the essay by using difficult words to read. As it breaks the flow of the sentence while reading. Why because people always attract to read the short essays generally and the range mentioned here is the ideal length. No matter where you are from, our list will assist you to the fullest with any kind of essay you need. Now, down the left side of the page, under the topic, write Roman numerals I, II, and III, sequentially. The following are useful steps for developing an outline to organize ideas for your essay. Get started by drawing a circle in the middle of a paper just big enough to write in. The following are useful steps for developing a diagram to organize ideas for your essay.

Monday, June 1, 2020

What You Need To Know About Summer Pre-College Programs

Nowadays, pre-college programs have become one of the most popular ways academically competitive high school students spend their summers. The programs tend to involve students taking a course at a university, with most staying in the dorms throughout the duration of the course. In some cases, participants can gain college credit. If not, they are given a certificate of completion and an evaluation from their instructor at the end of the session. During the summer of 2012, I attended Columbia University’s Summer Program for High School Students and had an absolutely amazing time. But these programs aren’t for everyone. There are definitely a few pros and cons to consider before deciding to apply. You’ll have a lot of fun Several of my friends have attended these types of programs at various colleges and they’ve all loved them. You get to meet new people from all over the world, live on a beautiful campus, and explore the surrounding area. Plus, it’s sort of fun to live in the dorms for some reason. It’s like summer camp but the grown-up, college version. It’s super expensive The cost is usually thousands of dollars. Living in the dorms isn’t cheap. And if you attend a program in a major city, you’ll likely be tempted to do lots of touristy activities, which will just add to the bill. It’s not worth the price if you’re just looking for a fun, social experience. However, you can decrease the cost if you choose to commute. Plus, there are shorter programs that only last for one week rather than three or four. Writing an application is good practice Most programs require you to fill out a set of questions that somewhat resemble a college application. You may also have to get recommendations from teachers. It’s good practice for when the real deal rolls around, but it’s also a decent amount of work. It’s just like college! but it’s also nothing like college In some ways, doing the summer program is a great way to learn about a school you might be interested in applying to. You can get a chance to find out what life is like living on campus. You may also be taught by professors, so you’ll get to see what college classes are like. But at the same time, it won’t exactly replicate the college experience. You aren’t meeting any actual students of the university, so you don’t know what the typical student is like. Also, many of the high school summer program classes will probably be a lot easier and more fun than a real college class. At a lot of programs, you don’t get real grades, just an evaluation. Attending the program won’t get you admitted to the college Contrary to popular belief, attending one of these programs will not make you a shoo-in for admission to the school itself. Doing the program is a good way to demonstrate interest, but it won’t play any sort of major factor in your admissions decision. In fact, colleges will probably be more inclined to admit you if you get a job, internship or do community service over the summer. You’ll learn a lot The main reason you should do a summer program is because you want to learn more about a subject you are really interested in. The course you take may help you advance your skills and do better in high school classes. It may even help you decide what to major in in college. Interested in attending a program? Here’s a list of the best ones around the country.

Saturday, May 16, 2020

The logistic system - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 26 Words: 7892 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Historically, nation states have used military power as an instruement of state to achieve their national aims objectives. Towards that end, logistics along with strategy and tactics constitute an important sub division of the practical art of war fighting [1]. It therefore evolves upon students of military history to grasp the nuances of logistics, the way it affects the very essence of modern, contemporary war fighting philosophy. To begin with, it is not incorrect to say that the military activity known as logistics is probably as old as war itself. The word logistics is derived from the Greek adjective, logistikus meaning skilled in calculating. Research indicates that the first use of the word with reference to an organised military administrative service was by the French writer Jomini who served as a staff officer in Napoleons army. In 1838, he set down logistics as one of the six branches of the military art, the other five being statesmanship in its relationship to war, strategy or art of properly directing masses upon the theatre of war, grand tactics, engineering and minor tactics. He included the phrase it is the execution of strategic and tactical enterprises in his definition of logistics. In short, he devised a theory of war upon the trinity of strategy, ground tactics and logistics. He defined it as practical art of moving armies [2]. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The logistic system" essay for you Create order Based on the experience gained over the years, the term was redefined in 1968 wherein Logistics was referred to as the art and science of creating and maintaining a military capability. It consists of the process of determining requirements, acquisitions, distributions and maintenance of materials. As regards, our Indian manuals, they define logistics as the science of planning and carrying out the movement and maintenance of forces[3]. In todays usage, logistics is the function of providing all the material and services that a military force needs in Peace or War. Logistics, therefore, covers a wide canvas broadly includes all military activities, other than strategy and tactics. It would therefore, be prudent to refer to logistics as the bridge between our combat troops and the industry natural resources of our country. Logistics perse is a key element of Doctrine, too, which describes it as a process that consists of planning and executing the movement and sustenance of operating forces in executing a military strategy and operations. It is essentially moving, supplying and maintaining military forces and is basic to the ability of armies, fleets and air forces to operate indeed to exist. It has a direct bearing on a countrys capability to support a national strategy [4]. As the rapidly evolving modern battlefield milieu transforms into short, intense and technologically intensive wars, the over bearing need for a fool proof and highly responsive logistic organizational structure for Indian Army to meet the logistic imperatives of a short war cannot be over emphasized. Our existing logistics system has been inherited from the British. Though the logistic system in general and the logistic organisation in particular have been subjected to numerous improvements and changes over the last six decades, the logistic system perse has failed to evolve with changing times and has more or less retained its archaic character. The major, Mathew[5] reason for the antiquated character of our logistic system is the flawed organisational structure which inhibits and precludes optimum utilisation of our well developed and vast national logistic capacities. Restructuring of our existing defence logistics organisation, therefore, is a pre-requisite to restructure our logistic system to meet the logistic imperatives of a short war. CHAPTER II METHODOLOGY Statement of the Problem To study and analyse the existing defence logistics organisation and to ascertain its suitability to meet the logistics imperatives of a short war. Hypothesis Our existing defence logistics organization is based on archaic concepts and will not be able to deliver adequately in a short war. Scope The scope of this study is restricted to analysis of the existing defence logistics organisation and to suggest a viable and responsive organisational structure that can meet the logistics imperatives of a short war. Methods of Data Collection. The data and information has been gathered from books, journals, periodicals, internet sites and also from own exposure and experience. The bibliography of sources is appended at the end of the text. CHAPTER III LIMITED / SHORT WAR IN THE INDIAN CONTEXT AND ITS IMPERATIVES War has been the single most important instruement by which most of the great facts of human history have been accomplished and maintained. It has been used as an instruement against aggression as also as an instruement of aggression itself. It has played the most dominant role in nearly all important crisis of humankind ; it has been used to achieve liberty, to ensure democracy as also in building great empires and in enforcing dictatorships. The term war today has come to include many more kinds of hostile activities ; limited war, short war, total war, cold war, hot war, propaganda war, psychological war, ground war, space war as also various other low -intensity conflicts such as guerilla war and fourth generation warfare. Thus war today is not only far more horrifying and a far more complex affair, it has also come to pervade all other aspects of mans social life [6]. Limited War The concept of limited war goes back to the 19th century when miitary theorists underscored the determinative relationship between political ends and military means. Both 19th century theorist Clausewitz and his 20th century successor Liddell Hart were committed advocates of the use of limited war or limited force as opposed to total war. In the 19th century, when concepts of blitzkrieg and wars of annihilation dominated military thoughts and policies, Clausewitz opposed such concepts. He stated, Political objectives, as the original motives of the war, should be the standard for determining both the aim of the military force and also the aim of effort to be made. With the advancement in automatic warfare in the middle of World War II, Liddell Hart realised that because of the destructive nature of the weapons, wars should be limited; however, he did not advocate limited war as a strategy. Later after the development of nuclear weapons, Liddell Hart came up with the concept of limite d war. He said, Where both sides possess atomic power, total war makes nonsense and any unlimited war waged with atomic power would make worse than nonsense; it would be mutually suicidal. He goes on to say any total war, or even the preparation for it, is likely to carry more evils in its train, without bearing any good promise in the event of victory [7]. Robert E Osgood defined limited war as A limited war is one in which the belligerents restrict the purpose for which they fight to concrete, well defined objectives that do not demand the utmost military effort of which the belligerents are capable and that can be accommodated in a negotiated settlement. The battle is confined to a local geographical area and directed against selected targets primarily those of direct military importance. It permits their economic, social and political patterns of existence to continue without serious disruption. In another study, Osgood defines limited war as a war that was to be fought for ends far short of the complete subordination of one states will to anothers using means that involve far less than the total military resources of the belligerents and leave the civilian life and the armed forces of the belligerents largely intact. Robert Osgood also admitted that limited war was not a uniform phenomena, it meant different things to different p eople. War could be limited in different ways and could be limited in some and not limited in others. For instance, a war limited in geographical terms may be unlimited in weapons employed or the targets involved. Similarly, a war may be limited for one of the adversaries yet unlimited in the eyes of the other [8]. Osgood while writing an epilogue on US experiences in Vietnam war, candidly confessed that even in nuclear age, a category of limited war exists which was still limited because of limitation of means. He examined limited war under three different categories of Central War, Local War and Unconventional war. While Central war involved use of nuclear weapons and was unacceptable, popularity of unconventional wars declined in US post Vietnam war. Hence, Osgood rated conventional local war as the most practical form of limited war though he did factor the contingencies which may arise and require other two categories to become operational [9]. Henry Kissinger, in Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy advocated that limited war might be a war confined to a defined geographical area, or war that does not utilize the entire available weapons system (such as refraining from the use of thermonuclear weapons). It may be a war which utilizes entire weapons system but it limits its employment to specific targets [10]. Kissinger, the man behind the Nixon Administrations adoption of the strategy of Limited Nuclear Options popularly known as Schlesinger Doctrine defined limited war as a war fought for specific political objectives which, by their very existence, led to establish a relationship between the force employed and the goal to be attained. It reflects an attempt to affect the opponents will, not to crush it, to make the conditions to be imposed seem more attractive than continued resistance to strive for specific goals and not for complete annihilation [11]. Kissinger , nevertheless, propogated a limited nuclear war strategy which came into conflict with the arguments of known proponets of limited war like Osgood and William Kaufmann, then the greatest critic of limited nuclear war. Kaufmann, a Yale University scholar and the brain behind the McMamara Strategy of flexible response, advocated keeping the war limited and its escalation under control. A more apt definition of limited war in line with contemporary thought process and environment is An armed conflict in which at least one protagonist intentionally restricts his objectives and/or means to accomplish those objectives. Intentional restriction can be self imposed or induced by an opponent or another nation or nations or organizations [12]. Limited war is also defined as a military encounter in which the two warring sides see each other on opposing sides and in which the effort of each falls short of the attempt to use all of its power to destroy the other [13]. Beyond doubt, limitation in warfare has always been impressed upon on the grounds of either morality or other limitations of resources and technology. However, with the advent of nuclear weapons on the one hand and of irreconciliable ideologies on the other, limitation in warfare had become a matter of necessity if the war was to sustain its traditional role of being an instruement of politics. And it is here that the strategy of limited war which seeks to preserve the eternal values of primacy of politics and economy of force even in the nuclear age has assumed supreme importance. Limited war framework does not include wars involving non-nuclear states. Instead, limited wars are conflicts in which vital interests of the nuclear powers are directly or indirectly involved and in which, therefore, the threat of their expansion into a Total War remains omnipresent imminent. Hence, it is this massive and deliberate hobbling of their infinite power by nuclear weapon powers that qualifies a conflict as limited war. Such wars have also been termed as Short Wars and , as seen in numerous conflicts since second World War II, have retained their pre-eminence as the most acceptable category of war in the contemporary nuclear age. The US and the Soviet Union, the two nuclear superpowers in cold war era, had the responsibility to not only ensure limitation of conflicts that involved dangers of exploding into a nuclear war but also to modify its war fighting doctrines to address the imperatives of intense short wars, which were likely to manifest in the nuclear enviornment. However, as the Soviet Union disintegrated, it enjoined on the US to effect a major shift in US war fighting doctrines, wherein it adopted a short war specific logistic structure to support the challenges to US strategic security calculus. The logistic structure catered for highly intense and violent battlefield which would have exacted heavy casualties of men, material and equipment [14]. Limited War In Indian Context The Indian Limited War doctrine had its roots in formulation of our response to the Pakistani aggression in Kargil in 1999. As the Dec 2001 terrorist strike led to mobilization and protracted deployment in Operation Parakram, the Indian strategists offered Limited War as Indias answer to what in security theory is termed as the stability-instability paradox. In the recent years, the limited war theory has acquired highly placed proponents and gained its own doctrinal respectability amidst intense public debates amongst Indian think tanks. Paradoxically, the Pakistani strategic experts community calls our new strategy as a doctrinal response based on regurgitation of American limited war concept of nineteen fifties to threaten and deter Pakistan [15]. Evidently, the Indian perspective on limited conventional war in a nuclear backdrop has witnessed intense and vigorous debate with proponents and opponents posing questions and counter questions on the probability of a limited conventional war escalating into a nuclear conflagaration. Historically, nuclear weapons have engendered caution between adversarial states, wherein the 1969 Soviet-Sino Ussuri River clashes and Indo-Pak Kargil war remains the only two cases where two declared nuclear weapon states have engaged in armed conflict [16]. Therefore, the options for India, to pursue its limited war doctrine against Pakistan, is to either apply military power spaced out in time and concentrated in space or stretched out in space and concentrated in time. In other words, Indian defense doctrine and strategy must seek to apply calibrated force for punitive effect, which does not have a destabilizing effect on the adversary [17]. The nuclear factor in South Asia has rendered total war u nthinkable and limited war has become a necessity and must be central to the military input provided to the political leadership as an option to secure conflict limitation [18]. From the Pak perspective, a limited conventional war in the Indo- Pak context, can be defined as a war designed to achieve specified political objectives by applying compatible resources in a critical area and by acting smartly in a manner so as to leave bare minimum incentive for the opponent to react with nuclear weapons without taking definite risk to suffer more gains [19] . India, of late, is also forced to contend with an increasingly assertive and belligerent China which sees India as the single biggest rival to Chinese pre- eminence in Asia. As numerous strategic and defence experts have began to increase the probability of a Sino-Indian military conflagration in the Himalayas, an objective look at the time frame duration of such a conflict is also mandated. A limited war in our context would envisage a likely time frame of 21- 28 days. This time frame is a logical one as geo-political realities of an armed conflict between two nuclear states along with inherent limitations of developing states in terms of economy, war waging capability etc will preclude continuation of viable operations beyond four weeks. Moreover, in a Sino-Indian conflict, the restrictive campaigning season of approximately two months will be a determinant of duration of hostilities as both sides would need time to build up their forces in the post monsoon phase. Otherwise, too, all our past wars have unambiguously been short wars, limited in duration and objectives and the future wars in a nuclear backdrop are going to be anything but different. Yet, the future wars will be short but highly intense, destructive wars, exacting heavy casualties of men, material and equipment in fast, fluid mobile battles across the entire spectrum of conflict in a technologically drive n war fighting environment with far reaching implications for the war fighting philosophies of the adversaries. Logistics Imperatives The future battlefield in an intense, short war would necessitate a major transformation in our logistic support system with likely changes as under [20] :- Limited preparatory period and highly intense short duration war, necessitating an efficient mobilization plan. Self contained theatre based logistic support structure. High attrition rate due to greater accuracy and lethality of long range weapon systems necessitating forward positioning of a greater quantum of reserves. Greater emphasis on intra theatre regeneration and re-supply of logistics resources. A sense and respond system working on the push model. Adoption of information technology and decision support systems for total asset visibility and improved inventory management [21]. Need to improve survivability of logistics echelons by dispersion and area air defence cover where possible. Maximum reliance on air maintenance for maintenance of momentum especially in mountainous and desert terrains. Need for greater degree of logistics flexibility and redundancy in all theatres. Increased strain on logistics support system due to greater density of high technological equipment in battlefield. The diversity of terrain and our varied operational roles, required to be performed in highly intense, short duration wars pose enormous logistic challenges and demand a dynamic, new approach to include simple, flexible and efficient logistic plans, based on a technology driven, seamless and fully networked logistic system. Such an approach is required to integrate the logistic resources of the three services and to utilize the existing national infrastructure more profitably to improve our logistic efficiency and enhance our operational readiness [22]. CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS TO INCLUDE SHORTCOMINGS OF EXISTING LOGISTIC ORGANISATION Existing Defence Logistic System National Level In India, the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) is the highest decision making body on national security and strategic issues and is mandated to formulate policies for the defence of the country through the National Security Council ( NSC ) established in 1998. The Defence Minister, who is a member of the Cabinet Committee on Security, heads the Ministry of Defence ( MOD )and is responsible for implementing the governments defence policies. The defence policies get implemented through various committees functioning under the MOD [23]. Details of such committees are as under :- Defence Ministers Committee. Defence Ministers Production and Supply Committee. Defence Research and Development Council. Chiefs of Staff Committee. The Defence Ministers committee is responsible for defence planning while the Production and Supply Committee is most important as it covers the entire gamut of planning force levels and equipment planning related to availabilty of resources. The Chiefs of Staff Committee advise the Defence Minister on all military matters including logistics matters. Another committee called the Joint Adminstration Planning Committee (JAPC) having representatives from the Services, is placed under the Chiefs of Staff Committee to coordinate the logistics effort of the three services and to prepare a joint adminstration plan to supplement and support the overall mobilisation and operational plan evolved by the Joint Planning Committee ( JPC ) [24]. Army Logistics At Army Headquarters level, the agencies responsibile for providing logistics are the Adjutant General (AG), Quartermaster general (QMG), Master General of Ordnance (MGO) and Engineering-in-Chief (E-in-C). Basically the existing system is influenced by what was primarily inherited from the British Army. In the present organization, the supply and transport are under the QMG while Ordnance and EME are with the MGO and the Medical services have been placed under the AG. Moreover, selection and introduction of any new equipment though a joint responsibility, is with the Weapons and Equipment (WE) Directorate while maintenance of such equipment is a logistic function. In order to coordinate various branches and to ensure smooth flow, Directorate General Operational Logistics (DGOL) has been created. However, the management and control of the logistic services has not been brought under a unified single management or control, which gives rise to a number of intra-service logistical proble ms , thereby making the task of DGOL difficult [25]. Utilisation of army budget also is a problem area as the QMG Branch, which is responsible for large portion of Armys logistic planning, spends almost two-fifths of the army budget [26]. Thus the staff support is highly fragmented and does not approximate to the concept of integrated logistic support. IAF Logistics In IAF, the Logistics Branch handles all the equipment, materials management and distribution functions [27]. At the Air Headquarters, Air Officer-in-charge Maintenance ( AOM ) and Air Officer-in-charge administration ( AOA ) perform functions similar to those of the AG and the QMG in the army and partly similar to those of MGO. The AOM is assisted by four Additional Chiefs of Air Staff ( ACAS ) and Air Officer Logistics ( AOL ). The AOM to a large extent, provides single point management and control, wherein all specialist aspects of aircraft and equipment maintenance, overhaul and provisioning of stores in respect of each weapon system is looked after. In addition, the Initial Provisioning Committee and Maintenance Planning Teams provide logistic support for the newly introduced aircraft and weapon systems [28]. As regards, functions of AOA, he is assisted by two ACsAS and controls administrative aspects such as organization, works, accounts, legal ,medical, pay and provost. Navy Logistics In Navy, the Chief of Materials (COM ), a Principle Staff Officer to the Naval Chief at Naval Headquarters is responsible for entire Logistics management function in the Navy. He is assisted by the Controller of Logistics Support, who functions directly under the Chief of Material and deals with logistics support, clothing and victualling, armament supply and transport. In addition, there are two Assistant Chiefs of Materials aiding the Chief of Material to deal with Systems and DR. The Chief of Personnel (COP) heads the personnel branch and handles the medical services, recruitment, welfare and service conditions [29]. Analysis of the Existing System An analysis of the existing logistics system reveals some glaring and profound weaknesses which need to be redressed forthwith, in order to obviate potential adverse effects on our national security. The systemic weaknesses are pronounced in the fields of our logistic organization, both at national and services level and also in our failure to integrate our logistics system. The later, in fact, is a manifestation of a flawed organizational set up, being carried forward as a legacy of the colonial times. That so many past studies and writings by experts on the subject have failed to elicit the attention of the decision makers concerned is a sad reflection on our system and underlines a lack of overall national perspective for logistics. Further, it is apparent that the decision making structures at the national and services level are either inappropriate or simply unresponsive. Our logistic system, though has taken the obvious weaknesses and the shortcomings in its stride and has deli vered the goods in all wars fought by us in the post independence period. As such, it is of utmost importance that the obvious shortcomings are identified and addressed in order to integrate and optimize our logistics system as a true component of the National Effort, needed to respond to growing threats to our national security. Shortcomings of our Logistic System Organisational Weakness. At the top echelons of the MOD and Chiefs of Staff Committee ( COSC ), Defence by Committees is the accepted style of functioning, which is hardly conducive to efficient functioning. The Service chiefs are responsible for operational and logistic preparedness, but exercise little or no control over budget and provisioning of war like material, which remains the direct prerogative of the MOD. No National Level Organisation. Neither any national level organisation exists to oversee, coordinate and integrate our defence needs with national development nor any visible efforts are seen towards orienting national level logistical planning to our defence requirements. Lack of Common Logistic Doctrine. Despite jointness and integration being the buzzwords, the three services have failed to evolve a common logistics doctrine and philosophy of logistic support. Multiplicity of Logistic Agencies. There is a multiplicity in logistic agencies with no single authority responsible to the Chief of Army Staff ( COAS ) for logistics preparedness. Lack of centralized logistic support encourages duplication and wasteful expenditure. Multiple Procurement Agencies. Multiple procurement agencies in the services with lack of interaction, work against the principle of economy and lead to increased costs. Lack of Standardisation and Codification . It leads to duplication and high inventories. Multiple stocking echelons ,too, lead to a high level of stocking and is compounded due to lack of an integrated systems approach to determine stock levels. A vast range of assorted equipment, both imported and indigenous, has only exacerbated the problems of providing effective logistics backup [30]. Inventory Automation. Despite commonality of procedures, separate inventory automation has been undertaken by all three services, thus violating the administration principal of economy. Private Sector Involvement in Defence Research and Development. Despite the dynamic changes ushered by Defence Procurement Procedure 2005 2009, the private sector involvement in defence research development and defence production has not reached the desired levels. Attitudinal Change towards logistics, In Indian Army, an attitude has been prevalent for long, wherein logistics consideration in an operational plan are invariably given short shrift under the mistaken belief that a commanders tactical brilliance will some how compensate for inadequate consideration of logistics. The practice of not involving the logistics functionary in formulation of operational plans and then leaving the logistics planning entirely to logisticians is an inevitable recipe for disaster. Mobilisation. Mobilisation involves movement of men and material, wherein move by rail is carried out under the aegis of the Operational Rail Movement Plan (ORMP). Though the plan has been validated during OP VIJAY and OP PARAKRAM , concerns remain as regards the move and dispersion of strike and dual task formations as also the creation of requisite infrastructure for unloading / loading at railway stations concerned. Besides this, shortage of defence rolling stocks exist which will inhibit speedy mobilisation. Functioning of Ordnance Factories and the PSUs. Director General of Ordnance Factories and the Defence Public Sector Undertakings are major defence manufacturers. However, the present organisational structure precludes the optimum functioning of these organisations. Despite being an intrinsic part of Defence Ministers Production and Supply Committee ( DPSC ) , the Ordnance Factory Board ( OFB ) usually functions independently and in any case is not accountable to the Army or the defence, though the funding for the OFB is made from the Army Budget. As such, the Chief of Army Staff has very little say with respect to production and priority in delivery of items. The OFB items also have quality concerns especially in general stores and clothing items. Multiple Echelon System. The multiple echelon system which is existing as the chain of supply to the field formations need critical examination and reduction of echelons where feasible. Logistics support need not be the same across the board for all formations in the country, it can be tailor-made to meet the requirement of a particular sector, the terrain, the type of operations and equipment likely to operate in the area. This will cut down the time factor for move from source to the field formation. Push Model. The push model of pumping the logistics requirement of troops forward has been partially implemented in certain areas. It needs to be implemented across the board to ensure that the troops do not have to look over their shoulders for logistics support. CHAPTER V ANALYSIS OF CONTEMPORARY LOGISTICS ORGANISATION OF MAJOR MILITARY POWERS US System The US Armed Forces have a highly efficient and responsive logistic system, based on a dynamic organizational structure which has evolved to meet the ever changing operational requirements. The Defence Logistic Agency ( DLA ), a US Department of Defence ( DOD ) agency supplies the nations military services and several civilian agencies with the wide ranging logistical support for peacetime and wartime operations as well as emergency preparedness and humanitarian missions [31]. The DLA Director reports to the Under Secretary of Defence for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics through the Deputy Under Secretary of Defence ( Logistics and Material Readiness ).The DLA has evolved from Defence Supply Agency ( DSA ), which worked on the Single Manager Concept, wherein eight service agencies viz army, navy, air force etc handled one commodity each and became DSA supply centers. In 1977, DLA was established with the aim of centralizing the management of common military logistics support and to introduce uniform financial management practices. Later, the Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986, for integration of US Armed Forces, identified DLA as a combat support agency. In Feb 2000, a new DLA organization structure part of an integrated plan called DLA 21 integrated all distribution depots of the military services into a single, unified material distribution system to reduce overhead costs and place them under DLA for management. It also created four major sub agencies under the DLA as under :- Def Logistics Support Command ( DLSC). Responsible for integration of logistics operations, supply chain management, readiness and contigency operations support. It is also responsible for procurement, storage and distribution of consumable parts, fuel, medical, subsistence and clothing and textile support. It has subsequently been reorganised as DLA Logistics Operations Directorate ( DLALO J-3 ). Def Contract Management Command. Responsible for DODs primary contract administration activity. Information Operations. Responsible for DLAs information technology activities to enhance e-commerce, logistics support system and document automation in support of military logistics. Financial Operations. Responsible for streamlining DLAs financial system for agencys future initiatives. UK System UK, too, has been a fore runner in initiation of defence reforms, which began with the Strategic Defence Review ( SDR ),1998. The Review included an in depth re-examinattion of the structure and performance of the then existing 44 defence agencies. The SDR created an appointment, Chief of Defence Logistics (CDL) wef Apr 1999 to head the Defence Logistics Organization ( DLO ). His mandate was to reorganize single service logistics support into a tri service logistics organization with improved responsiveness and accountability. The DLO began functioning from Apr 2000 and was the British answer to a unified logistics organization with the CDL exercising full budgetary and management responsibility for the single service support areas. The functions of procurement, repairs, storage and distribution, transportation, defence estate management and various other logistics functions were rationalized and resulted in efficiencies and reduction of costs [32]. On 02 Apr 2007, Defence Equipment and Support ( DE S ), a new procurement and support organization with in the UK MOD was formed. A new appointment of Chief of Defence Material ( CDM ), a four star officer, was created to head the MODs Defence Procurement Agency and the DLO and the CDM was directly made responsible to the Minister of State for Defence Equipment and Support. As regards the mission statement of DE S, it is to equip and support UK armed forces for operations now and in the future [33]. Russian System Since 1991, the Russian defence logistics services are known as Rear Services of the Armed forces of Russia. The Rear Services had its origins in the rear or logistical service of the Armed Forces of the USSR, which was created simultaneously with the Soviet Army. Traditionally, the rear of the Armed Forces consisted of the logistical service, with its special logistical units, subunits and establishments, and combat units holding integral logistics reserves as an organizational component. Also, the logistical service has always been a link between the armed forces and the national economy of the country[34]. In present times, the logistical service is responsible for food, clothing and military equipment supplies, maintenance, storage and distribution. It is headed by a Chief of Logistics, also called as Deputy Minister of Defence and compromises of the HQs, nine central directorates, three specific services, comd and control bodies, territorial offices and organizations [35]. Chinese System The Chinese Peoples Liberation Army ( PLA ) had included logistic reform as a basic component of its comprehensive modernization programme which began 25 years ago. However, before looking at the organizational structure through which the PLA deals with logistical questions, it is important to understand the scope of what logistics typically entails. Logistics usually includes provisioning and supply of material such as food, water, uniforms, equipment, petroleum, oil, and lubricants (POL), ammunition, construction materials, transportation of finance; equipment maintenance, repair, research and development, testing, acquisition and disposal, and building and maintenance of facilities for troops in the field or in garrison. In contemporary Chinese military terminology all of these functions fall under the concept of comprehensive support, which includes the separate categories of logistics support and armament (or equipment) support [36]. The PLA has two separate but related systems to manage its comprehensive support needs. The first is the national-level General Logistics Department (GLD) which oversees logistics support, and the second is the General Armament (or Equipment) Department (GAD or GED) which has jurisdiction over armament support. The GLD system is responsible for providing the general purpose supplies all PLA units need, such as food, shelter, uniforms, and fuel, as well as transportation, medical, and financial support. The General Staff and General Political Departments complete the set of four General Headquarters Departments which are responsible to the Central Military Commission (CMC), the highest command authority in the Chinese government and communist party. Located in Beijing, the departments are responsible not only for oversight, but also for policy within their domains. As regards logistics reforms, the CMC enacted a program in Dec 1998 for logistics reform covering the under mentioned aspects :- Integration of logistics for the three services. Standardization of supply work to include centralized procurement. Conversion of officer perquisites into cash allowances (to pay for housing, insurance etc ). Outsourcing of support functions. Inculcate more professionalism and scientific inputs in logistics management. Improving mobile logistics support for units away from their bases. By 2000, the PLA formed Joint Logistics Departments (JLD) in all seven Military Region headquarters. In addition, joint logistics staff officers, who understand the needs of all services, are being trained and assigned to headquarters staffs. Accordingly, the PLA Air Force and Navy transferred responsibility for many depots, supply bases, hospitals, maintenance and repair units to the control of the Military Regions in which they are located. The JLDs, and their subordinate logistics sub departments, provide support functions common to all services, while supplies and support unique to a single service are provided through that services own separate General Armament (or Equipment) Department. Also, PLA reserve units, too, have undergone reforms wherein, a Reserve Logistics Support Brigade.has been established by each Military Region [37]. Hence, it is evident that despite a relatively late initiation, the CMC has been able to achieve integration of PLAs defence logistics system. Isreali System In Isreali Defense Forces ( IDF ), the Technological and Logistics Directorate in the General Staff is responsible for its logistics responses and tasks [38]. It has three main administrative services namely Logistic Corps, Medical Corps and Ordnance Corps. The Directorate centralizes the logistical activity in the IDF to include the transporting of supplies, shipments of fuel, construction, transport, the building of military bases and maintainenance of medical infrastructure. The Logistic support is based on the under mentioned principles : Centralised control. Allocation of strict priorities Maximum use of civil resources Distribution forward. Improvisation, intensive salvage and use of local and captured materials. Pakistani System Pakistan has a National Logistics Council (NLC), which is responsible for mobilising the entire nation during wartime, especially the transportation needs [39]. It has also reformed its defence logistics system by placing its logistics bases under a logistics grid system. A Chief of Logistic Corps, who is a Principal Staff Officer to the COAS is responsible for coordinating all logistics activities in the logistic areas. These logistic areas function directly under the General Headquarters and possess the the inherent flexibility to operate ahead and provide intimate logistic support to the combat forces. CHAPTER VI RECOMMENDATIONS Logistics Philosophy The threat perception, operational imperatives and logistics imperatives have already been analysed in Chapter III of this paper. In the backdrop of all the considerations so far, it is visualised that the Logistics Philosophy should be as follows:- Defence logistics must be integrated with the national infrastructure and national development plans together with integration at the inter services level. There should be centralised direction, co-ordination and control of complete gamut of logistics activity within the service under a Single Manager. Plans must exist for speedy mobilisation by optimising all means of transportation to cater for short warning period. Infrastructure in the private sector and dual use facilities available ex trade must be optimally exploited for outsourcing to reduce military logistics. Logistics organisation should be streamlined by minimising the layers and should be tailor made where feasible, with dual attributes of co-responsiveness and cost effectiveness. Logistics support structure in support of formations/units permanently deployed in defences should be tailor made to meet their specific requirements. For offensive formations, apart from making them self reliant for immediate battlefield requirements, tailor made logistics nodes should be suitably established for subsequent sustenance. To meet this requirement, there is a necessity to accordingly develop logistics infrastructure. Need for cost effective equipment management system, embracing the whole life cycle from concept to discard and disposal. Reduction in inventories to exercise economy through a system of outsourcing and by adopting modern inventory management techniques, including automation. Develop infrastructure in the Eastern Theatre to meet the high level threat from China beyond 2012. Infrastructural development must be an ongoing process commensurate with likely threat perspective. Logistics support system must absorb state of the art technologies and scientific management techniques to enhance logistics efficiency. To measure upto the logistics philosophy evolved, there is a necessity to reshape the existing logistics set up at all levels. The reshaping has to be thought off with special emphasis on the suitability to the Indian conditions, constraints and economy. The reshaping has been addressed in this chapter at the National level, MOD level, Army headquarters level down to division headquarters level. National Level A nations war waging ability is derived from its ability to mobilize and employ its economic and industrial resources. Being a national effort, prepration for war encompasses all facets of the countrys economic, infrastructural and technological activity. A dedicated body at the national level is therefore required to coordinate and integrate the vast gamut of defence needs into the countrys development plans. As various advanced military powers have already achieved integration of their defence logistics support with their national economies, it is essential that an organization like National Logistics Council ( NLC ) be established to function as the apex body for all defence logistics needs [40]. Keeping in view the government set up of our country, this apex body should be headed by the Defence Minister. Under him, apart from Chief of Defence Logistics ( CDL ), who should be common to all three services, there should be an additional secretary from each of the important ministries with functional responsibilities. The NLC should also have representatives from the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry ( FICCI ), Confedration of Indian Industries ( CII ) and also from organizations directly concerned with logistics infrastructure. This organization should be established as standing organization of permanent nature and should evolve five year logistic plans in consonance with the national five year plans. It should also evolve long term 10 to 15 year perspective plans. These short and long term perspective plans .should be dovetailed with Defence Services Perspective Plans and would facilitate inclusion of defence logistics and infrastructure develop as part of national development and commitment. The broad mission of the NLC would be to ensure optimum utilisation of national resources ; industrial mobilisation and achieving cost effectiveness. It will determine the broad frame work for building infrastructure for developmental and defence needs to meet the national objectives and contingencies. It will also formulate broad policy guidelines at a strategic level on areas including national industrial war effort, transportation infrastructure, energy use, strategic war reserves etc and will act as a coordinating agency between different functional ministeries [41]. Should a consensus on establishing NLC elude us, a Strategic Logistic Agency under the aegis of Planning Commission should be created. Such an organisation should be staffed by suitable civilian and services officers and will be responsible for coordination, perspective planning and integration of defence needs with national development goals [42]. Ministry of Defence ( MOD ) / Inter Service Level Our bureaucatic system has been inherited from the British, wherin MOD functions as a superior military headquarters and exercises final authority on all proposals, initiated by defence services. Though the long pending remodelling of higher defence control structure involving integration of the services headquarters with the MOD was carried out in 2004, it failed to address the key issues raised by the services. First, the Chiefs of three Services ought to be responsible for and manage their respective Service along with integrated finance, with out any approval by civil servants . Second, the Chiefs should have direct access to the minister. Also,the restructured MOD should have four segments each under COAS, the CNS, the CAS and the Defence Secretary. The Defence Secretary would be responsible for the budget including bulk allotment, procurement, inter ministerial matters, liaison with states, defence production organisations and their co-ordination, parliamentary questions, manag ement of tri-service organisations. All professional matters of the three services will be managed by the three chiefs as part of MOD. The Defence Minister will have four advisers dealing with him in their respective fields of responsibility. The Principle Secretary to the Minister should be a service officer. Co-ordination will be achieved by the Defence Ministers Committee. In the re-modelled structure, after the budget has been allocated and the overall plan has been approved, the Service Chiefs will have the powers to manage their budgets. It will not only entail considerable reduction in overly protracted decision making process but also allow optimum utilization of the somewhat excessive manpower currently employed in the ministry. To ensure continuity and as a measure of checks and balance, the system of the Army, the Navy and the Air Force Councils to be chaired by the minister with the service Chief concerned, PSO and Defence Secretary as members should be adopted. Cosmetic changes of appointing a few military officers in the MOD without basic changes in the responsibilities of the Defence Secretary and Chiefs will not work.[43] As experience has shown, above proposals for restructuring of MOD will most likely face resistance from well entrenched bureaucracy, hence, the least, that needs to be done is to empower the Service Chiefs with overall management of budget in consultation with integrated financial advisors, once the MOD carries out the yearly budget planning and firm allocations. Concurrently, it is proposed to establish an org called Def Lgs Agency on the lines of the US DLA and the erstwhile DLO in UK to coordinate and control the logistic requirements of three services. It will facilitate long overdue integration of our logistics system and also control all defence lgs orgs under the MOD such as DGQA, DRDO, defence PSUs and Ordnance Factories. The proposed org should function under the CDS ( presently the COSC ) and will be the sole interface on behalf of the three services with the National Lgs Council ( NLC ). The org will be staffed by service personnel possessing expertise in lgs mgt. Army Headquarters Level The inadequacies and shortcomings of our system have been most glaring on two counts ; firstly, in so far as no single functionary is responsible to the COAS for overall lgs preparation and secondly, the absence of an integrated logistics support system to support our war effort. To obviate the above shortcomings would involve firstly, integrating various services like Ordnance, Medical, Supplies, MES etc into an Army Logistics Corps and secondly, as stated earlier, a system where Army, Air Force and Navy are provided integrated lgs sp by creating a Defence Logistics Agency ( DLA ). The proposed Army Lgs Corps will bring all the services incl MES, Medical, entire procurement under one head to be nominated as Chief of lgs, who will work in direct concert with DGMO, plan the entire gamut of material support and will be resp to the Army Chief for overall lgs prep of the Army. Army Logistics Corps. An organization such as an Army Lgs Corps will be a dynamic org and will offer relative gains, somewhat offset by inevitable weaknesses. Advantages Single Manager Concept. User and Supplier has to interact with only one agency. Concentration of budget utilisation. Reduction in duplication. Reduction in administrative lead time and involvement of all supporting agencies. Improved indigenisation and vendor performance cells. Scope for reduction in logistics troops strength. The system would be a forerunner for an integrated system for the three services. Disadvantages Span of Control becomes large. High degree of co-ordination essential. Automated MIS is mandatory. It is therefore highly essential that a Chief of Logistics who will be a PSO to the COAS is created forthwith. He shall have under him all the service heads and all other logistics elements, who shall be subsequently amalgamated to constitute the Army Lgs Corps in a latest time frame not exceeding four years ie by year 2013. The creation of Chief of Logistics will allow implementation of the Single Manager Concept and will impart a professional and focused impetus to our ability to successfully meet the lgs imperatives of fighting short wars in a nuclear backdrop. A proposed organisation under the Chief of Logistics is recommended as under :- Maj MJS Syali, Integrated Logistic System for the Armed Forces, Trishul Vol X No 1, 1997, PP 33. http: // en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isreali_Logistics_Corps on16 Dec 09 Army Head Quarters, Administration in War, Vol 1, p4 PM Mathew, Colonel, Logistics Perspectives For Armed Forces 2015, Defence Management Nov 1999-Apr 2000, PP 68-69. PM Mathew, Colonel, Logistics Perspectives For Armed Forces 2015, Defence Management Nov 1999-Apr 2000, PP 68-69. Swaran Singh, Limited War, PP 5. Khurshid Khan, Limited Nuclear War, Internet Article downloaded on 10 Dec 09. Robert Osgood Limited War : The Challenge to American Strategy, PP 1,2,13. Swaran Singh, Limited War, PP 56. Kissinger Nuc Wpns Foreign Policy pp Ibid 10. Robert Mcclintok, The Meaning Of Limited War. PP. 5 Morton H Halperin Limited War in a Nuc Age PP 2. James H Pold, General, The New Short War Strategy, Military review, Mar 1976. PP 59 Firdaus Ahmed. Chari Nuc Stabilty in South Asia, Manohar Publshs, 134, 142-146). Jasjit Singh Dynamics of Limited War Strategic Analysis Oct 2000. ) Chari / Firdaus Ahmed The Impetus Behind Ltd War, IPCS Jul 24, 2004, Article No 800. Khurshid Khan Article Internet downloaded 10 Dec 09. Indian Army Doctrine 2004 Article Downloaded from Internet Ibid 20. Col Ashok Kapur, Integrated Logistics System A Future Necessity , Combat Journal Aug 1991, PP 72. Brig Vinod Anand, Joint and Integrated Logistics System for the Defence Services, Strategic Analysis, Vol XXV, No 1 PP 89 Pramodh Sarin, Brig (Retd), Military Logistics, The Third Dimension. PP 359. Vinod Anand, , Brig (Retd), Joint and Integrated Logistics System for the Defence Services, Strategic Analysis, Vol XXV, No 1 PP 92. Air Book Air 1, Issued by DSSC PP 72,73. Pramodh Sarin, Brig, (Retd), Military Logistics, The Third Dimension. PP 361 Navy Book Navy 1, Issued by DSSC PP 8,11. Vinod Anand, , Brig (Retd), Joint and Integrated Logistics System for the Defence Services, Strategic Analysis, Vol XXV, No 1 PP 93. http: // www.GlobalSecurity.org on 16 Dec 09 Vinod Anand, , Brig (Retd), Joint and Integrated Logistics System for the Defence Services, Strategic Analysis, Vol XXV, No 1 PP 95. http: // en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Def_Forces on16 Dec 09 General of the Army SK Kurkotkin, Logistics of the Soviet Armed Forces, Soviet Military Review, No 8 1978, p.2 http: // www.mil.ru/eng/index.shtml on 16 Dec 09. https://www.jamestown.org/programs/chinabrief on 16 Dec 09. Ibid 35. http: //en..wikipedia.org/wiki/Isreali_Logistics_Corps on 16 Dec 09. Vinod Anand, , Brig (Retd), Joint and Integrated Logistics System for the Defence Services, Strategic Analysis, Vol XXV, No 1 PP 95. Brig Vinod Anand, Joint and Integrated Logistics System for the Defence Services, Strategic Analysis, Vol XXV, No 1 PP 101 VK Singh, Col, Managing Change : Strategy for Defence Logistics, Defence Management, Apr 2007, PP41. Pramodh Sarin, Brig, (Retd), Military Logistics, The Third Dimension. PP 370. Vohra, Op Cit. PP. 493.